Genetic and Molecular Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hereditary and Molecular Biology - Essay Example The chromosome hypothesis on legacy said that Chromosomes are two by two and qualities, or their alleles, are situated on the chromosomes. 4. Every one of a few Alternative types of a Gene is called an Allele. Letters are utilized to speak to Alleles: Capital Letters allude to a Dominant Allele that veils or conceals articulation of a passive allele. Lowercase Letters allude to a Recessive Allele its demeanor is conceal by a predominant allele. Truly, it is feasible for multiple alleles of a quality to exist. 5. Researchers bit by bit found out about DNA in an inquisitively curved manner that is normal in science. For a certain something, the revelation of DNA required advancement on three separate fronts: cytology (the investigation of cells through a magnifying instrument), hereditary qualities, and science. Researchers taking a shot at DNA in the mid 1950s utilized the expression quality to mean the littlest unit of hereditary data, however they didn't have the foggiest idea what a quality really resembled fundamentally and artificially, or how it was duplicated, with not many mistakes, a great many ages. By and by, numerous researchers kept on accepting that DNA had a structure excessively uniform and easy to store hereditary data for making complex living life forms. The hereditary material, they contemplated, must comprise of proteins, substantially more various and perplexing particles known to play out a large number of natural capacities in the cell. 6. Quality is an innate unit comprising of a grouping of DNA that possesses a particular area on a chromosome and decides a specific trademark in a life form. A chromosome is a gathering of snaked strands of DNA, containing numerous qualities. 7. Each strand of DNA is a chain of compound building squares, called nucleotides, of which there are four sorts: adenine (abridged A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). These suitable base parts of nucleic acids can be polymerized in any

Marketing during Economic Depression

Promoting Under the Situation of Economic Depression The money related emergency started in Wall Street of United States has spread everywhere throughout the world quickly. Due to the firmer and closer financial associations between nations, pretty much every nation is starting to encounter to some degree financial downturn. Considering the issue of advertising under the circumstance of financial downturn is getting important for some organizations in any zone of the world. Showcasing is characterized as a social and administrative procedure by which people and gatherings acquire what they need and need through making and trading items and incentive with others. An organization needing to have an effective promoting technique should initially comprehend the showcasing condition around it. An organization's advertising condition comprises of the entertainers and powers outside promoting that influence showcasing the executives' capacity to create and keep up effective exchanges with its objective clients. What's more, the financial downturn circumstance ought to be considered as a major aspect of the advertising condition study region. The consistently changing microenvironment and macroenvironment offer the two chances and dangers to organizations. In the event that an organization needs to be fruitful in any condition, it should know the essential significance of watching and adjusting to the evolving condition, so it can stay away from the ominous conditions and handle any chances. Monetary condition is one of full scale factors that impact a company’s showcasing concerns. Hypothetically, it comprises of components that influence shopper buying force and spending designs. Under the circumstance of financial downturn, both buyer buying force and spending designs have, somewhat, changed. In this manner, an organization must have an away from of what those progressions are. Concerning the buyer purchasing power, discouraged monetary circumstance is constantly related with diminished shopper purchasing power. For instance, during the 1997’s Asian financial emergency, a great many nations saw their cash devalue as the emergency unfurled. The purchasers of those Asian ‘tiger' economies turned out to be all the more monetarily mindful and they invested substantially less at that energy. Considering the spending designs, as Engle proposed, when family pay rises, the rate spent on food decreases, the rate spent on lodging stays steady and both the rate spent on different classifications and that committed to investment funds increment. The diminished pay in the financial downturn largy affects what someone in particular purchases, for example, he may spend less on amusement or garments, and the level of salary spending on food may increment. Along these lines, we can see that the discouraged economy is going to impact customer purchasing conduct. For all the four social, social, individual, and mental elements, they influence the customer buy firmly. Under despondency, there are a couple of wonders that are outstanding for organizations. Initially, buyers lean toward all the more generally modest products and less extravagances. There is a measurement number for the 1997 Asian monetary emergency, in Thailand, 58% individuals didn’t purchase any planned garments any more and 45% individuals didn’t drink whisky. While ongoing financial emergency in Vietnam made the deals of car plunge. As indicated by a report of VAMA, 16 individuals from this vehicle fabricating affiliation just sold 11500 vehicles in May 2008, 2000 less those deals of April. Additionally, shoppers may go to the brands whose brand picture are related with mass market and individuals purchase less imported products. Second, towards companies’ advancement and notice, purchasers may respond uniquely in contrast to previously. Since the financial downturn carries a great deal of mental strain to individuals, they are not as intrigued as in the business promotions any more. They may purchase merchandise that are in advancement, yet the vast majority of them will purchase less or purchase littler size bundles. Third, concerning the shopping place, individuals incline toward the limited stores that the costly retail establishment. During the 1973 oil emergency in America, the recurrence of 79. % buyers shopping in the limited stores or purchasing straightforwardly from wholesales expanded a great deal. Aside from the progressions above, there is another point; that is, the utilization of necessities differs a bit, since they have moderately inelastic requests. So what should an organization do in face of the changing promoting condition? There are a few reactions with respect to the earth chang e. Organizations respond contrastingly in light of the fact that some view the change is wild in this manner inactively adjust, while others may attempt to impact the change and adopt a proactive strategy. The discouraged economy is commonly seen as a wild component, so organizations should attempt to discover strategies to adjust in the current circumstance. Regardless, organizations must concentrate on their center upper hand and decrease the all-inclusive brands showcasing that are not all that serious. In the discouraged economy, it isn't just the customers that are affected; organizations additionally have less assets to utilize. Organizations ought to pull back from those less serious markets and utilize its own constrained assets (HR, capital and advertising channels, and so forth used to solidify and reinforce the business sectors of results of center intensity. At that point is the advancement and publicizing system for the organization. As noted previously, shoppers are not that effectively to be affected by those things. So organizations should focus on the crowd of advertisements precisely, and stay away from the best approach to squander cash on the publicizing to the indi viduals who once in a while purchase the products. It is proposed that organizations utilize less mass adverting techniques, for example, promotions on paper and flyers. Rather, organizations should attempt to guarantee that individuals who read the advertisements have a high likelihood to purchase the merchandise. For instance, a Targeting Mobilephone Magazine sends the business data messages to 200,000 top of the line supporters. That strategy is of ease, yet it is definitely more compelling than customary ways. Moreover is the value issue. Individuals are increasingly delicate to the cost and they need less expensive merchandise than before since their buying power is regularly decreased during the downturn. Individuals decline their utilization on extravagances and other excellent significant expense merchandise. The more for less, the equivalent for less and less for substantially less offer system are bound to prevail in this circumstance. Also, since clients are probably going to go to the nearby limited stores, organizations may change their dissemination channels a piece. They can place more merchandise in the limited stores and distribution center style markets. In the event that the monetary downturn is simply in the scope of home nation, organizations can likewise expand the fare. Be that as it may, not all organizations need to adopt a moderate strategy in the financial downturn. For some of them, particularly the huge and solid organizations, it is a decent possibility for them to extend their piece of the pie. Since discouraged economy just makes some little contenders bankrupt, the solid organizations can get the customers of those organizations, in this way having a bigger piece of the overall industry. On the off chance that an organization can build up a picture that is dependable and indestructible when clients have some mental weight, it is bound to win the kindness of clients considerably after the downturn is finished. There is an idiom, the more genuine the downturn, the more open doors in the market. Also, the CEO of Alibaba. om, Ma Yun, likewise said â€Å"the monetary emergency will make new business progress. † There are numerous motivations to accept that the discouraged economy brings us the two chances and difficulties. Taking everything into account, if an organization can comprehend the earth around it well, study the shopper purchasing conduct cautiously, and build up a proper showcasing system for itself, it can absolutely have opportunity to evade the troublesom e factors and keep up its intensity, subsequently winning under the circumstance of financial downturn and some other states of the economy.

Youre at SIPA but want to learn another language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Youre at SIPA but want to learn another language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Theres a Columbia University fellowship available for SIPA students who are interested in advancing their language proficiency. The Foreign Language Area Studies (FLAS) Fellowship program is predicated on the belief that the well-being of the United States, its economy, and its long-range security depend on proper education and training of Americans in international and foreign language studies. FLAS fellowships strengthen the nations ability to compete effectively in the modern world by promoting foreign language competence and area and international knowledge and by ensuring the continuation of area expertise in a variety of fields. The FLAS fellowship competition is open to both undergraduate and graduate students of Columbia University who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents who are enrolled in a full-time program that combines modern foreign language training with international studies or area studies. The FLAS award offers fellowship assistance to students undergoing beginning, intermediate, or advanced training in modern foreign languages and related international or area studies. AWARD FLAS Fellowships are contingent upon funding from the U.S. Department of Education. The Estimated FLAS grant amount is:   Graduate students tuition grant is $18,000 and the stipend is $15,000 Remaining tuition, health service fee and medical insurance (basic coverage only) can be covered by the students’ school of enrollment within Columbia University (ex. GSAS, SIPA, TC). Please check with your school’s financial aid offices.   The FLAS fellowship does not cover any miscellaneous fees, such as computer lab fee, student activity fee and university facility fee, etc. USE OF FUNDS FOR OVERSEAS FELLOWSHIP With the approval from the United States Department of Education, Academic Year FLAS awards may be used for full-time dissertation research provided that the student is at the advanced level of language proficiency. The use of the foreign language in dissertation research must be extensive enough to be able to consider the language improvement facilitated by the research equal to improvement that would be obtained from a full academic year’s worth of formal classroom instruction. Please note that since the FLAS program is for language acquisition. Use of the FLAS fellowship for dissertation research is not encouraged by the U.S. Department of Education. The U.S. Department of Education prefers that students apply to the Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad. All overseas programs of study must be at the intermediate or advanced level of language proficiency and must be approved by the United States Department of Education at least thirty (30) days prior to the start of the program. SUMMER: The Summer FLAS Fellowship competition is open to undergraduate (including Barnard College) and graduate students, including Ph.D. candidates, who are U.S. citizens, nationals, or permanent residents who are accepted for enrollment or enrolled in a formal program of intensive language study. The Summer FLAS fellowship tuition grant is up to $5,000 and a $2,500 stipend for undergraduate and graduate students.   Combined tuition and fees cannot exceed $5,000. The summer language course studied under the Summer FLAS fellowship must be the equivalent of an academic year course, at least 140 credit or contact hours (120 at advanced level), and a minimum of six (6) weeks in length. All overseas programs of study must be at the intermediate or advanced level (graduate students) of language proficiency or at the beginning level if an appropriate beginning level is not available in the United States and all overseas language programs must be approved by the United States Department of Education at least thirty (30) days prior to the start of the program. Please provide any relevant program brochures, web sites and/or documentation with your application. Summer FLAS is not available for dissertation research. The application deadline for the FLAS fellowship is Friday, February 28, 2014, at 11:59 p.m. EST. For more information, see the GSAS website, or contact GSAS at gsas-finaid@columbia.edu.

Personal Narrative My Own Childhood - 1364 Words

I chose to write about my own childhood. My story started when I was born on October 15, 1988 in Jacksonville, North Carolina to a then family of three Richard, Dana, and Karen. I was the second born and my sister was 3 and a half years old. I was born into a military family so I grew up in a few different locations. The month after I was born my family relocated from North Carolina to sunny Twenty-nine palms, California. My family lived there until I was about 5 years old until my father got a new duty assignment to Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania as a Marine recruiter. This is the place that I claim as my hometown as I lived there until I turned 18 and joined the US Air Force. My childhood was a very â€Å"normal†. I had a father, mother, a†¦show more content†¦My parents grew very concerned as the teachers felt that I could not keep up with my peers. I had problems with speech and pronunciation as well as paying attention. There was even the thought I may have had a le arning disability or disorder. My parents were very reluctant to just accept these diagnosis’s as they were given by teachers and not medical specialists. So as a course of action until I could see doctors and take aptitude tests, everyone decided that I needed to start receiving some individualized attention from teachers. That was the exact moment where I thought why am I not with everyone else. Why am I different? I remember the first few weeks of those isolated sessions I felt worthless and began acting out. I was only doing so because at that age all I wanted to do was fit it. It hurt that at that time no one could even tell me why I was there. It was strictly a guess for them to segregate me from my peers. That led me to getting what felt like a thousand different learning exams, evaluations, and learning sessions. Much to my teachers surprise there was nothing mentally wrong with the way I was learning. According to the tests it seemed I was just not being academically challenged. The doctors explained it was just my way of dealing with my boredom. I felt that the entire situation of â€Å"having something wrong with me† stereotypes were a big influence to everyone involved. No one wanted to give me the benefit of the doubt. The teachers and other adults

The Role Of Media Systems Throughout The United States

Costa Rica has a population of 3.7 million people, and although the official language is Spanish, English is spoken around Puerto Limon. The country spans 51,000 square kilometers and is divided into seven provinces. The nation s capital, San Josà ©, is home to one-third of all Costa Ricans. Costa Rica has long history of democracy, no army, and relatively peaceful political development, which provides a stark contrast to many of the war torn countries in Latin America. The majority of Costa Ricans are of European or mestizo descent, and Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion, though evangelical Protestantism is becoming increasingly common.Costa Rica has one of the highest literacy rates in the region with 95 percent of the population considered to be literate.It has the region s highest standard of living, and a life expectancy comparable to that of the United States. Costa Rica also has a legacy of supporting education, beginning with universal free public education in 1879, thus leading to the rapid development and expansion of all forms of media. To fully understand the role of Media Systems throughout Costa Rica, we must first consider the nation’s history. In the colonial era, Costa Rica was often forgotten, as it lacked the labor force and mineral wealth the Spanish colonists were interested in. In 1824 an elected congress chose Juan Mora Fernandez as the first chief of state, and the first newspaper appeared shortly after his re-election in 1829. The firstShow MoreRelatedGender, Race, And Class957 Words   |  4 Pagesthat luxury can only be afforded by primarily white, rich males. The media in the United States has made a lot of progress towards showing gender and racial equality on TV but America still has a long way to go. As of 2015 white men still have a patriarchal ranking in media compared to women and minorities. This essay will be discussing how intersectionality, such as gender, race, and class, play a key part in gender roles in TV media today. Luxury is the main focus in Volvo Cars US’ commercial forRead MoreAnalysis of the Article on the Role of Information Communication Technologies in the Arab Spring1171 Words   |  5 PagesArticle The Role of Information Communication Technologies in the Arab Spring by Ekaterina Stepanova Brief summary In this article, the author Ekaterina Stepanova mainly emphasizes on the importance of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in the recent global event of Arab Spring. Here it has been said that how much active role the social media has played in the overall events that has led to the toppling of governments and dictatorships of the Arab world. 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My Personality and Learning Style Free Essays

My Personality and Learning Style My personality type is ISTJ which is introverted, sensor, thinker, and judger. Introverted people are more likely to be reserved, private and more likely to work alone than with groups. Social events are not a strong characteristic of an introvert which prefers to be in a calm quiet location with relatives and solitude. We will write a custom essay sample on My Personality and Learning Style or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sensor’s tend to prefer problems with a set of guidelines that state facts of data directly and learn through example or experience. Thinkers believe that rational and logical thinking over emotional feeling’s. Judger’s have structure and balance their time and schedule precisely. Which can be managing people or working with a set of specific instructions and goals. I believe that the personality type test is accurate in describing my Personality. The test states that I am sixty percent introverted which means that i prefer working alone and reflect on my thoughts. Introverts might not ask question’s and rely on others to ask for them but if i know there is something i don’t understand and absolutely can’t figure out by myself that’s when i ask a question. I feel that personality can have a big impact on your grades, for example extroverts are more likely to talk during a teacher’s lecture and cause them to miss some information. While introverts tend to keep more thoughts to themselves and are more likely to pay attention in class. Having a clear understanding of how you learn and perceive information which can be more efficient in less time wasted. V. A. R. K is visual, aural, read, write and kinesthetic. The way you process or perceive information in the classroom can define the grade you earn. My preferred choice of sensory is reading and writing because i like write and read notes over several times. Memorizing information, notes and study material is my most effective way of assuring that i pass my exams. You can have more than one way of learning through your sensor’s which is called multimodal are not necessarily smarter but just prefer multiple modes of learning which is purely based on preference. Being successful in the classroom for myself begins with paying attention to the information the professor tries to relay. Sitting in the front of the classroom is important to me because I know it gives me an advantage over someone who sits in the back where it is difficult to hear. The first thing I do when I arrive to the classroom is copy the notes the teacher has written on the board or screen. I sense it will be important to know unless told otherwise by the instructor. Knowing I prefer the sensor over intuition i will more than likely choose a class and degree where the information is directly stated with facts and concrete data over a class where theory and imagination is involved. Personality and learning style play’s an important role in your education. Students tend to perceive information different way and rates. The students who have compatible learning style with the teachers teaching style will retain information better and be efficient in learning. Every teacher might not have the same teaching style but if you take steps to adapt you will increase your chances of doing well in the class. Talk to the instructor and counselor’s so you’re learning needs can be met and prevent you from failing the class. How to cite My Personality and Learning Style, Essays

Value of Technical Publications in Automotive Engineering Industry free essay sample

[pic] Position Paper on Value of Technical Publications in Automotive Engineering Industry Providing useful and accurate documents is critical to ensure that the user can easily find the required information. If the end users cannot find the answers to their problems, they assume that the documentation is useless. To be useful, the documentation must be clear, concise, and well designed. The documentation that is accurate and complete also needs to be well designed. Accurate and easy-to-understand technical documentation is the only way to provide information to the end user, and it is also cost-effective. India is the 9th largest automobile industry in the world, with a production of 2. 3 million units in 2008 alone. In 2009, India became Asia’s 4th largest exporter of cars. Automobile companies like Nissan, Volkswagen, Toyota and Hyundai have expanded manufacturing facilities to India. Nissan and Hyundai predict an export of over 250,000 vehicles by 2011. [pic]  ¦ Business Proposals  ¦ Legal Disclaimers  ¦ Policy Manuals  ¦ Style Guide Design  ¦ Template Design Telephone: +91. 80. 40741400 / +91. 80. 41256367 Corporate Enquiries: [emailprotected] in TWB is a leading technical publisher with an excellent record of providing unmatched technical documentation to many major companies. TWB is the ideal choice for leading manufacturers in the automotive industry. TWB helps customers with all their technical documentation needs such as design documents, analytical reports, handbooks, technical specification documents, technical reports and training materials. TWB works closely with client teams located globally, and assists them in meeting their worldwide product announcements and launch deadlines. TWB works round-the-clock with client teams and help them with quick responses that facilitate timely distribution of documents around the globe. Rapid technological advances in the automotive industry have resulted in complex and diverse technical products. The task of creating documentation for such a wide range of products may seem complex and daunting, since documentation has to be revised or updated to keep pace with advancements. Quality documentation is easy to update and maintain, reducing the cost involved despite the massive amounts of documentation required by the industry. Differences in the functionality and quality of technical products are slowly reducing. However the complexity of these products is increasing correspondingly. As product complexity increases, the quality of the documentation is often the deciding factor in customer decision making. TWB provides documentation with professional quality. Product liability regulations, like the EU product liability directive, have impacted technical documentation enormously. Today, the demand for experts in technical documentation is high to guarantee quality document creation, thus avoiding legal ramifications. Economic Business Research  ¦ Industry Analysis  ¦ Market Opportunity Analysis  ¦ Competitive Business Analysis  ¦ Company Prospect Profiling  ¦ Reporting Solutions  ¦ Assessment of Unmet Market Needs  ¦ Status and Potential of Technologies  ¦ Benchmarking of Strategies Vs Competition  ¦ Forecasting  ¦ Sales Force Effectiveness  ¦ Market Assessments  ¦ Competitive Intell igence  ¦ Opinion Leadership  ¦ Emerging Markets evaluation and research TWB – Leading Technical Documentation Outsourcing Company Telephone: +1. 512. 586. 8357 Attractive Publications as Useful Marketing Tool Document Management Solutions  ¦ Record Management Storage and Retrieval  ¦ US Office: TWB 11701 Norwegian Wood Drive Austin, TX 78758 Records Management  ¦ Software Translation Services  ¦ Document Translation Services  ¦ Localization (L10N) Testing  ¦ Internationalization (I18N) Testing Translation and Localization Services In the automotive industry, it is necessary to create several different types of documentation for different purposes: design documents, technical reports, specification documents, user manuals and training material and so on. Each of these documents addresses a different audience, each of whom has a specific role in the automotive industry. It is important that documents be created keeping in mind the role of the person who will use the documentation. For example, a technical analyst, who is accustomed to reviewing satellite images on a workstation, needs to learn how to use the system and software to magnify the image, but not how to analyze the image. For users who start without technical or product knowledge, you need to provide instructions to use the product as well as information they need to look for as a result of using the product. This presents a more difficult problem. Different needs of the end users and the gap between their technical and product knowledge determines the amount of information that goes into technical publications. Deployment and Support The recent economic crisis has created momentum for a massive structural change in the auto industry, preparing the industry for growth for the next decade. â€Å"The automotive industry in India grew at a compounded annual growth rate of 11. 5% over the past five years. † – The Economic Survey, 2008 – 2009. Growth of the automotive industry in India Challenges and Solutions Qualitative Analytics for Decision Support This paper presents the value of and need for quality Technical Publications in the Automotive Engineering industry. Technical publications include a wide variety of material such as design documents, analytical reports, handbooks, technical specification documents, user manuals, requirement documents, technical reports, white papers, online help files, classroom and web based training material, policy manuals, lab reports, and case studies. Modern automotive engineering is a complex process, integrating elements of mechanical, electrical and electronic, software and safety engineering. The key concept behind the integration of multiple processes is to automate vehicle manufacture and increase efficiency. This has led to rapid innovation in the development of automotive systems. Today, customers are offered highly customized products at low prices. This is achieved by configuring individual vehicles from a large number of options. This necessitates the creation of highly accurate and specific product documentation. Further, the rapid technological progress in the automotive industry has led to increased complexity in technical products. Owner and user manuals have increased by over 100% in volume in the last decade. This has proven to be a challenge, since globalization has necessitated an increase in the number of languages into which a technical document is translated. With each additional language translation, costs increase, directly proportional to the size and complexity of the documentation. This makes the creation of simple, easily comprehensible documentation essential to the automotive industry. This, in turn, necessitates the involvement of Technical Documentation Specialists in the creation of these documents. In this paper we will discuss the importance of technical publications to the automotive industry, to facilitate the growth, and development of the industry. â€Å"TWB believes that technology cannot exist without being communicated effectively. †  ¦ Workflows  ¦ Standard Operating Procedures  ¦ ISO Documentation  ¦ CMM Documentation  ¦ Installation and Configuration Guides  ¦ Operations Manual  ¦ Process Documentation  ¦ Web 2. development  ¦ Web content  ¦ Web applications Web site Development  ¦ Graphic Designing  ¦ Info graphics  ¦ 2D 3D animation  ¦ Line drawings and illustrations Illustrations  ¦ Single Sourcing  ¦ File Version Control  ¦ Document Naming Conventions  ¦ Consistent Document Formatting  ¦ Data Transformation Content Management TWB is India’s leader in technical communication outsourcing and educ ation. TWB offers a complete suite of services that allow our customers to effectively publish their technical knowledge with their people and processes. TWB’s customers range from Global 500 – including Cisco, Accenture, McAfee, LG, Samsung, Citrix, SAP, Siemens, AOL, Intel; Indian technology majors – including Infosys, Wipro; Global defense majors Pratt Whitney, Honeywell, DRDO, HAL; and exciting technology startups. TWBs expertise in technical communication ranges from IT Products and Outsourcing, ITES, Banking, Financial, Aerospace, Defense, Ship Building to Hi-tech Manufacturing, and Discrete and Process Manufacturing. TWB’s services include: The Importance of the Automotive Industry: The automotive industry is among the few that have shown steady growth during the last few years, particularly with the troubled economy. The automotive industry is important not just for its direct effects, but for its indirect effects as well. The industry has a large, complex supply chain, which draws from both specialized component suppliers and material suppliers. The automotive industry is one of the largest consu mers of products of the aluminum, rubber, glass, plastics and steel industries. For many industries, the automotive industry is a leading consumer, whose requirements provide an impetus to innovations that benefit other sectors.  ¦ Value of Technical Publications: Technical Publications are very essential for transferring product knowledge to the end users. Providing proper material to use technology and products enables the user to accept and efficiently use the product. Frequently, the quality of documentation is a factor which directly contributes to a customer’s decision to purchase or reject a product. Faulty assumptions about documentation lead to inaccurate and hard-to-understand material which discourages end users from the product itself. This also decreases the changes of marketing the products in the global markets.  ¦ Role of Documentation Outsourcing: The complexity involved in automotive engineering, arising from the integration of electric, electronic, manufacturing, software, and hardware systems requires that vendors and purchasers look at outsourcing their documentation needs to well-established Technical Publications Solutions providers. This helps the company cut costs and at the same time deliver their products with quality documents. Growth of the automotive industry Globally These faulty assumptions result in incomprehensible documents:  ¦ The developers know the product better than anyone else: With time constraints and limited resources, many companies are tempted to let the programmers do the documentation. The engineers and developers know the product very well. However, the developer is likely to provide technology-centered information; where as the end user requires task-centered information. pic]  ¦ The application is complicated; having a writer learn about it will take too long: Learning the product should not be a major obstacle for the writers with the right technical background. Publications for Different Levels of Technical and Product Knowledge Benefits Business Documentation The purpose of technical publications is to transfer product knowledge to the end user, in a comprehensible format. The s trategies of communication and levels of information vary depending on the type of product. When delivering a product, whether a hardware product or a software application, it is equally important to give the users information about the product’s operation and maintenance. In the real world scenario, technical publications are often developed as an afterthought. This usually results in inaccurate and hard-to-understand material. As a result, the users dislike these materials and avoid using them. Inaccurate and hard-to-understand material also results in the user’s inability to understand and implement high-end technologies. The users might reject the product. Technical Publication for Transferring Product Knowledge Faulty Assumptions that Result in Problems in Documentation â€Å"Mark Oline, a Fitch Ratings Analyst predicted that sales will rise to 11. 1 million cars and trucks next year, a 7. 8 percent increase over the 10. 3 million he expects for 2009. † China’s automobile market showed massive growth in 2010, with output and sales for January continuing from the growth in December 2009, to reach 1. 6148 million and 1. 6642 million units respectively. Autofacts forecasts a 10% improvement in sales in the North America, predicting sales of 13. million units with an assembly forecast of 10. 4 million units. In South America, the vehicle sales reached 3 million units in 2009, a record-breaking 12. 7% increase over sales in the 2008. This growth is expected to continue, both in sales and assembly. â€Å"Knowledge is people, money, learning, flexibility and competitive advantage. Knowledge is more relevant to sustained busine ss than capital or labor. And yet knowledge remains the most neglected asset of a business. TWB helps you unlock and share your technical knowledge with the world. †  ¦ Short Reports  ¦ Proposals  ¦ Case Studies Lab Reports  ¦ Memos  ¦ Progress/Interim Reports  ¦ Writing for Electronic Media Business Communication  ¦ Copy Editing and Proof Reading  ¦ Managing Writing  ¦ Editing Services  ¦ Layout and Design  ¦ Creating SLAs Documentation Quality Management  ¦ Datasheets  ¦ Administrator’s Guide  ¦ API Document  ¦ Configuration Guide  ¦ Functional Specifications Document  ¦ Installation Manual  ¦ Interface Document  ¦ Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM)  ¦ Maintenance Manual  ¦ Online Help  ¦ Operation Manual  ¦ Product Demo  ¦ Product Specifications Document  ¦ Product Overview Document  ¦ Quick Reference Guide Release Notes  ¦ Requirement Analysis Document  ¦ SDK Document  ¦ Troubleshooting Manual  ¦ User Manual  ¦ Open Source Documentation  ¦ Programmers Guides  ¦ Functional Specifications Document  ¦ Use Cases  ¦ Online Help /Context Sensitive Help  ¦ Troubleshooting Guides  ¦ Technical Product Documentation Technical Marketing Solutions  ¦ Datasheets  ¦ Cheat sheets  ¦ Solution Briefs/Solution Brochures  ¦ Presentations – Products/Corporate Profile  ¦ Brochures and marketing collateral  ¦ Web content  ¦ Audio and video scripts  ¦ Press releases  ¦ Direct mail  ¦ Newsletter design copy  ¦ Sales catalogues  ¦ Sales sheets Our technical proficiency in software and authoring tools includes:  ¦ SCORM 1. 2 / 2004  ¦ AICC  ¦ W3C  ¦ Section 508  ¦ QTI XML Standards  ¦ Microsoft Visio  ¦ iGrafx  ¦ EDraw  ¦ RFFlow  ¦ Flowbreeze  ¦ Smart Draw Flowcharting  ¦ Sharepoint ®  ¦ Moodle  ¦ Joomla,  ¦ WordPress  ¦ Media Wiki  ¦ CMS Builder  ¦ Author-it (formerly AuthorIT)  ¦ Alfresco  ¦ XMetal ®  ¦ Microsoft Word 2003 ®,  ¦ Microsoft Word 2007 ® CMS/ LMS XML  ¦ Microsoft Access  ¦ Microsoft SQL Server Databases  ¦ JavaHelp  ¦ Adobe RoboHelp 7. 0  ¦ HelpScribble  ¦ WebWorks Publisher  ¦ PowerCHM  ¦ Doc-To-Help  ¦ WinCHM  ¦ HelpSmith 2. 1. 1(Windows)  ¦ Fast-Help MadCap Flare  ¦ Help-Server  ¦ NVU Help Online Help  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Flex ®  ¦ Adobe AIR ®  ¦ Adobe Dreamweaver ®  ¦ Adobe Acrobat ®  ¦ Microsoft Silverlight ®  ¦ Adobe Authorware ®  ¦ Adobe Director ®  ¦ Adobe Captivate ®  ¦ Trivantis L ectora ®  ¦ ASP. NET  ¦ JSP  ¦ JAVA Multimedia/Authoring/ Supporting tools Graphics/Animation  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Photoshop ®  ¦ Adobe Illustrator ®  ¦ Adobe Fireworks ®  ¦ Microsoft Silverlight ®  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Dreamweaver ®  ¦ Microsoft FrontPage ®  ¦ Adobe Captivate ® Multimedia/Authoring  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Photoshop ®  ¦ Adobe Fireworks ® Macromedia Captivate Graphics/Animations Adobe Flash CS4 Professional  ¦ Adobe Illustrator CS3  ¦ CorelDRAW  ¦ Microsoft-Expression Graphic Designer  ¦ Xara Xtreme (Windows Linux)  ¦ CuteDraw  ¦ Publisher3D(for animation)  ¦ Sketsa SVG Editor (for vector graphics)  ¦ Techsmith Camtasia  ¦ Adobe Flash CS4 Professional  ¦ Arbortext IsoDraw (technical illustrations for 2D and 3D) Illustrations  ¦ XSLT/XSL  ¦ EDD Development and Publishing tools  ¦ Epic  ¦ FrameMaker+SGML  ¦ X-Metal ® XML Structured Editors  ¦ Microsoft Word ®  ¦ A dobe FrameMaker ®  ¦ Adobe InDesign ®  ¦ QuarkXPress ®  ¦ Adobe PageMaker ®  ¦ Unstructured Content Development TWB services a wide range of technology and knowledge driven industries, helping them meet their markets better, these include:  ¦ Banking, Insurance and Financial Services  ¦ Consulting and Business Services  ¦ Defense, Aerospace and Hi-Tech Manufacturing  ¦ Education and Learning  ¦ IT, ITES  ¦ ITES/ KPO/ BPO  ¦ Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology  ¦ Process Manufacturing and Allied Industries  ¦ Steel, Ship Building, Construction and Aviation  ¦ Telecom and Digital Communications Some of the greatest documentation challenges that most companies in the automotive industry face today include:  ¦ Increased complexity and diversity of products Increased competition with regard to documentation quality and efficiency  ¦ Stricter product liability regulations, placing more importance on completeness and comprehensibility of documentation. For a leading vendor in the automotive industry, association with TWB has benefited them immensely in saving costs and producing professional documentation along with services such as:  ¦ Transferring complex technical data into easily understandable language  ¦ Protecting technical and commercial data of newly developed products  ¦ Creating, editing, reviewing, and maintaining content Preparing training material, online Help, graphics and illustrations TWB has been the preferred technical documentation outsourcing company for: The TWB Building No: 4062, 19th Main Road, HAL 2nd Stage, Bangalore – 560008 India. Landmark: Behind Carlton Towers [pic] The Writers Blockwww. twb. in7 The Writers Blockwww. twb. in6 TWB Position Paper on Value of Technical Publication in Indian Aerospace and Defense Industry2